Wednesday 12 May 2010

Mission 'Dare to Die' Towards The Sun

Located 150 million kilometers from Earth, the Sun is so stinging hot. How does it feel hot when the Sun was approached by up to seven million kilometers distance? That is now being designed with the United States National Space Agency (NASA), toward the Sun. 

More than 400 years, astronomers studying the behavior of the Sun from a distance. Now, as for NASA observed the Sun directly to the source. Why would observe the Sun from the Earth if it can be approached, so maybe the thought of NASA.

''We will visit a breathing star for the first time, directly to the center,''said NASA scientist, Lika Guhathakurta, last week. For astronomers, the Sun is relatively unexplored territory compared to the other members of the solar system. Moon, Earth satellites, already since 1969 to accommodate humans. And, countless unmanned mission landed. 

Finally, the unmanned spacecraft NASA's Phoenix landing on the northern pole of Mars, May 25, 2008. Spacecraft that will launch a three-month investigation of the planet closest to the Earth's.

As if to repeat the success of the Phoenix, unmanned spacecraft called Solar Probe + (read Solar Probe Plus) will be launched. Its mission unmitigated, touching the sun's atmosphere. A mission of 'dare to die', it came, would not return.

How could the plane landed at the Sun? Is the material does not shrink the heat sucked the star? Apparently, these questions have answers prepared by NASA.  

Because diskenariokan nyemplung into Sun's atmosphere - where the wind lick the Sun (solar wind) and magnetic storms would threaten the - plane Solar Probe + is an extension of the previous spacecraft, Solar Probe, will be designed heat resistant. 

NASA aircraft that will prepare the material can withstand heat up to a certain distance from the Sun. Indeed, the preparation does not ujug-ujug. 

John Hopkins' Applied Physics Lab (APL) who prepared the aircraft design. APL has a preliminary research on the needs of aircraft models designed heat resistant sun. 

In January 2008, the aircraft named APL MESSENGER has completed its mission around Mercury, the planet closest to the sun. Reflecting from MESSENGER, Solar Probe + will be fortified with heat-resistant technologies similar. To note, there daytime heat of 467 degrees Celsius. 

Solar Probe + will be kept a maximum distance of closest seven million km from the Sun or nine times the radius of the Sun. The sun will appear 23 times wider than viewed from Earth. 

At that altitude, the aircraft must be heat-resistant material of more than 1400 degrees Celsius. Not only that, the aircraft must also immune to radiation exposure at levels that have never made before. ''We have a lot of work to think about. Nevertheless, this is very exciting,''says Guhathakurta. 

Expected, the plane was able to be launched in 2015. Targeted aircraft mission ended seven years later, with the goal to solve two great mysteries of astrophysics and discover new things along the journey. 

Two of the mystery, first, knowing the temperature of the corona of the Sun. Corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere. Is called the photosphere, chromosphere next. 

When the thermometer is placed on the surface of the Sun, the needle will point to 6000 degrees Celsius. Strangely, the more out, the temperature get hot atmospheric layers. 

So far, the temperature of the corona is expected to reach one million degrees Celsius, hundreds of times hotter than the temperature in the deep layers of the atmosphere of the Sun. This high temperature remains a mystery for 60 years. The second mystery, the solar wind (solar wind). The explosion caused a chain reaction in the center of the Sun, causing terlontarnya charged particles with speeds of millions of meters per second (mph). 

These particles are ejected to be felt the planets, asteroids, and comets. Notice, a comet tail formed by the solar wind. That attract attention, how the wind is formed to be mementalkan particles toward the entire solar system? 

''To uncover these mysteries, Solar Probe + will actually enter the corona. The place where the action took place,''says Guhathakurta. In order to open the curtain, a number of tools also taken along. For instance, magnetometers, plasma wave sensor, dust detector, electron and ion analyzer, and hemispheric imager (HI). Equipment''that will help unravel the physical heating the corona and solar wind velocity.'' 

In the meantime, HI is a telescope that is used to create three-dimensional picture of the corona. The technique is known as coronal tomography. 

Launched in May 2015, Solar Probe + will launch its main mission when the solar cycle24 end and finished when the maximum solar cycle25 in 2022. Solar activity cycle is the maximum-minimum energy of the Sun with an average incidence of 11 years. 

Solar cycle effects can be seen in layers that can be kambium tree crop age parameters. Solar Probe + will also examine some sun at the end of the storm mission. Solar energetic particle is a threat to astronaut health and safety will also be investigated Solar Probe +. 

Before reaching the corona, Solar Probe + will be thrown by using gravity planet Venus. This unmanned aircraft will be around Venus seven times in six years to get the style of throwing, so the closer to the Sun's atmosphere. 

Imagine throwing a game disc. The athletes will rotate to obtain the maximum palmyra style. On Venus, though not the primary mission, astronomers will learn new things from the planet when a device was thrown using the gravitational effects of Venus. Solar Probe +''is a remarkable mission of exploration, discovery, and understanding. We can not wait to get started,''says Guhathakurta. (Source: http://www.republika.co.id)


Tuesday 11 May 2010

Psychologic factors and Stress Concentration

Stress may be a fact in our lives, but how we deal with stress can determine how we cope with stress. 

Someone's reaction to stress individual, depending on factors such as the meaning of psychologic stress applied to the hand. For example, the condition of pregnancy which is the significant events in the life of a marriage is very much determined by how much passion these two couples will be the attendance of children so that the stress of pregnancy would be negative if both partners do not have enough desire to have children, of course. 

However, stress has become very positive when faced by a marriage partner who already has a child of many hopes. Other psychological factors also play a role in stress becomes easier to make is how to force a person problem solving, personal violence, optimism, social support they have received. 

Problem solving style 

What are we doing when we face difficult issues? Which style of solution that matches our personal? 

Pretending there is no problem is someone in the style of problem solving in a way to escape from reality / problem. Running away from problems is the emotion-laden style of the settlement, by ignoring the existence of stress, do not occur as stress or get out of situations that cause stress. 

Thus, a person feels that he does not deal with that stress. Of course, this style does not make that person out of the problem, but precisely the same mental condition of people affected by serious illness, but did not try to get these drugs to cure the illness. 

In a style that focuses on problem resolution, one would naturally look at the stress faced and then trying to find the best way to cope with the stress of her illness. They can modify the reaction to the stress so that a gradual decrease levels of stress being stressed that no longer provide a serious threat to him. 

Both types of fundamental forces in the settlement of problems that can be applied in the way of people facing the disease. 

If someone rejects the reality of the illness, variations in behavior as a result of such refusal is as follows:

? Failed to recognize the symptoms of the disease is actually very serious consequences, 

? Minimize the negative emotions caused by illness  

? Ignoring information about the illness threatens.

Neglect of the illness is very dangerous to our health, especially when those attitudes lead us to not adhere to recommended medical care doctors. 

There are research results that show that people who have a force settlement by refusing to face reality, such as trying not to think and talk about her illness, it shows a progressive improvement of the disease when evaluated more than people who get a direct confrontation about her illness. (Eping, et.al, 1994). 

As with any effort to ignore the disease, rejection of the reality of the disease will be followed by non-compliance with the rules of the recommended treatment of the treating physician. This is of course worsen the health condition of patients. Rejection of the fact suffer from a disease can also affect the emotional distress caused increasing damage imunologic function. 

So, why do we not choose the style that centers on problem resolution so that we can overcome the disease that we suffer with the results as optimal as possible for the recovery of our own physical health? 

(Source: http://cetak.kompas.com)

 

 

 


Monday 10 May 2010

How to Avoid Scams On The Internet



Some of these tips can hopefully make you avoid scams on the Internet. Not all of us want to look for additional income on the internet, so do not let us make a hole instead to additional and unnecessary expenditure. Internet indeed can give us to eat (an asset), as well as we could eat. Usually, we are often deceived by oneself. Why is this so?.

An example comment: "Every day you are always up-date the Internet, why is my email to you once your non-response, even though I had money transfers according to who you ask since the date ..., but until this moment you ill never respond to email me ... (telephone 031 so-so) "

I accidentally cut the phone number for privacy. This comment came from a mother in Singapore, its name Rie ... (cut back). Some time after that I try the phone to help him face the same problem in the future. As well as clarification, that the diwebsite me that he read it is an advertisement for others, not my post, hehe ..

 

Apparently, if I look more carefully the comments directed at an ad with the title initials SECRET (I accidentally cut again, because I do not know exactly the problems there).

 

On one website that contains general content such as PPC advertising of course is a mixture between writing to the owner of the website and also the general advertising (usually without moderation, free). And of course he who has a website will not be able to monitor the entire contents of the ad, let alone responsible for ad content. Usually (not always) at the bottom of an existing website DISCLAIMER write, often read like this:

 

"Suatuwebsite.com powerred by WordPress, Theme by blablabla ... com. DISCLAIMER: be careful with ads that are plunging, the contents of general advertising manager of the website are not responsible for this "(this example only).

 

My advice, be careful with the ads, because however carefully it is far better than sloppy. Many good business because of lack of communication or even miscommunication becomes ugly in our eyes, and vice versa. If such thing as failure and the loss or fraud may also be experienced by many people both on the internet or on land.

 

Lest you be deceived, here are some tips:

 

His business used to be understood

Choose the goods or services, or businesses that will follow with the first you understand it 100%, or at least you know the product / services, what would you get to pay, it should be also a general picture about whether or not you can do something to will be successful in business. Find out why you'll probably be able to take the money with those businesses for example.

Find out beforehand whether if you had some money from the business later on then you earn money that would really interest you. Maybe you do not want money from the result of improper activities. If you already know from the start that business and you should not come too so you'll actually be involved cheating, hehe .. If not ideology, you can ask people who've you know, who you believe. No need to rush.

If before we had made a mistake, surely we had better fix it now consistently does not repeat the same mistakes, the same type, which is similar, and so on.

 

Asking diligent

As the proverb says "ashamed to ask misguided road." Already asked still get the wrong way, especially not to ask. Therefore, it would be nice if you just ask people you already know and Understand the things you ask them. However, none really apart from kekhilapan, you and I still have the potential to "wrong" and yet still multiply asked, to minimize the possibility of such roads.

 

Consistency

Almost all businesses in the eyes of my "brilliant" one, just stay with us adjust our tastes, our time and energy, our skills, and also our funds.

What I mean here is consistency for your business value of "good" at the beginning (I mean really, really good according to your conscience), then grab your business. Then after you start your run it "felt like a failure," and perhaps also "felt cheated" just because of lack of consistent running. If this still means the same as in the beginning you have been deceiving himself. Kan beginning you have been asked to work, persistent, never give up, full of innovation, do not stop, and so forth (by a good business earlier).

 

If the business is from the early days it was not suggesting you to work hard, for example, do not need to advertise, no need to ask people, do not need bekarja at all, and you think "good", then I would agree, because how could I refuse you desire. Please try to come and pay, then do not work hard, do not advertise, do not do anything. It could be your success

 

back again on consistency, when we sell fried rice and selling it, then we stopped, dropped out already the result. Or our delicious fried rice and then we replace a perfunctory or even reduce the meat and seasoning are therefore made absolutely delicious, very likely the result of the fried rice business will decline. But if we are consistent with the "flavor" and time and energy to sell it, even improve much on the bright side, such as becoming more friendly with customers, fry faster, cleaner cart (this is without the cost of tablets), then the earnings will be more likely to increase. What is your opinion?

 

Same thing with the internet business. If you buy ebooks, please read carefully, understood and practiced so that you can make changes in the direction of success. Conversely, if you do not read it, did not practice then you have deceived themselves, pay and waste of money. Originally the book was good, the owner of the place you bought the book did not deceive you, you are deceiving yourself. So do not be to upset anyone, please angrily to yourself briefly, then remember that the vast road still lies ahead, we songsong happily without anger. What do you think?

 

Remember three things: understand, Rajin Ask and consistent, then you will tehindar of InysaAllah deceived Internet business, both deceived by others or self-deceived.

 

If you feel cheated already, my suggestion again try restarting contacts with whom you deal, it could be simply because of communication, could be the manager was ill so not been able to respond to you, it could be many things beyond our power occurs in the middle of my business travel, your and many others.

 

If you've already cheated and tried tried it and still not be a solution, you can confide in and may be heard by many people, who know they can help, it also is a way to prevent someone else deceived. Many facilities in the form of a positive community for this. One of them I invite you to become one member of the Indonesia-Online, whose members Thousand Children of the Nation. To join here http://groups.yahoo.com/group/indonesia-online. Hopefully useful (source: http://groups.yahoo.com)

Sunday 9 May 2010

Peak at the End of a Dream State

Shivering body shaking as grains of ice falling from the sky Jayawijaya Mountains, Papua, Saturday (24 / 4) afternoon. Although it is wrapped in thick jackets and gloves, the body remains dirayapi chill that pierced to the bone.

When departing from the last camp at Valley Lakes about 4:00 pm CDT, the temperature gauge showed minus two degrees celsius. However, the air temperature that day was over and fold the cold. Besides exposure hail, strong winds in the Great Terrace located at an altitude of about 4750 meters above sea level (masl), blowing like a raging strong.

Gunawan Muhamad fingers (52) had turned blue from the cold. With a physical condition that has dropped, climbers with whom I joined in the Bravo team's World Summit Expedition Seven keep moving towards Carstensz Pyramid Peak is located on the south side of Jayawijaya Mountains. The team walked slowly because of low visibility to only about three meters due to covered with dense fog.

Nearly six-hour trip to Carstensz Pyramid Peak pursued. Field marked with slope steeper climbs to reach 80 degrees. Rope, along the edge of the cliff, rock-climbing up the rocks to be done if you want to reach the highest peak in Indonesia.

Fast beating heart rate, breathing, staggering steps, and the head felt dizzy because of depleted oxygen. Because no strong current, some members of the team chose to crawl in between steep cliffs. Not only physical strength, mental toughness was tested if they want to continue the journey towards the summit.

After a hard struggle, partly derived from the Bravo Team Association and the Mountain Climber facer Wanadri Woods finally managed to spread the Red and White in peaks with an altitude of 4884 masl it. Prostration of gratitude and congratulations coloring of this achievement.

At almost the same time, my journey is accompanied by other Wanadri climbers, Fajar Nugroho (26), suspended in a niche located at an altitude of approximately 100 meters to the summit. With the energy that had been depleted, the bad weather hindered us in front of the abyss with a depth of about 20 meters and 15 meters wide Cage named Pig.

The time was nearly 12:00 o'clock require that we go back down although not yet reached the peak that we are headed. "If passed, would be dangerous because of all climbers must be able to return to the Valley of Lakes before dark," said Yoppie Rikson, Chief Executive of the World Summit Expedition Seven, which participated to the top.

Two days later, together with other Bravo team members, Setyo Ramadi (46) and Agus Nugraha (48), I returned trying to Carstensz Pyramid. Although dogged by a thick fog, we finally set foot on the peak eight-hour journey through a very exhausting. However, physical exhaustion and the cold in the body seemed to be erased with happiness at that moment.

No doubt, reach Carstensz Peak has been a dream of many climbers, both local and foreign tourists. Not just because the exotic scenery, but also the terrain along the variants, such as steep cliffs, glaciers, and sand. "Carstensz is the right place to apply the material that has been gained through practice," said Setyo Ramadi, a senior climbers from Mapala UI, which for the third time to the Carstensz.

Before our achievements and Bravo team, a core team of Expedition Seven Wanadri World Summit, which consists of Ardhesir Yaftebbi, Iwan Irawan, Martin Forester, Nurhuda, Fajri Al Lutfi, and Gina Afriani, also first to reach Carstensz Peak, Sunday (18 / 4 ). The song "Indonesia Raya" as a form of kumandangkan they gave thanks. "The success achieved Carstensz Peak can not be measured in value, giving us hope to reach the highest peak in the world," said Ardhesir Yaftebbi, team leader of Expedition Seven World Summit.

Peak no ice

Carstensz Pyramid becoming known international climbers since the first time achieved in 1962 by Heinrich Harrer, Austrian mountaineer who documented his adventures in the book Seven Years In Tibet.

Two years later, in March 1964, three members of the Armed Forces of the Regiment of the Army Command (RPKAD), ie, First Lieutenant Soedarto, Sugirin, and Fred Athaboe, had made history by becoming the first local climbers unfurled the Red and White on the highest peaks in the Expeditionary Paradise Indonesia. This success was followed by three climbers from Mapala UI, Sinarmas Djati, Henry Walandouw, and Rafiq Pontoh, which reached the Carstensz Pyramid in mid-1972.

However, unlike the other peaks in Jayawijaya, Carstensz Pyramid is no longer covered with ice. This is different from Soekarno or Nggapulu Peak, Peak Soemantri, and East Carstensz, who still has a stretch of white rug in the bud.

In fact, the senior climber Wanadri, Gunawan Muhammad, tells, when climbing Carstensz in 1986, ice still covered the rocky cliffs at the peak of Carstensz until the Great Terrace. In 1991, the ice has been shrinking due to only partially ice-covered cliff that is still in the peak area. "When in 1994 I returned to it, there is no more cliff-covered ice," said Gunawan, who is also the coordinator of the expedition expert staff.

Because the white carpet, Dani also called Carstensz Peak-Ndugu Ndugu name, which means dropping or falling. "Before, people often see Dani snow or ice that fell on top throughout the year," said Narniur Erelak, one of the Dani people.

The news there is ice on the highest peak of Jayawijaya, ice-covered peak near the equator, also circulated in European society. Dutch sailor, Jan Carstensz, who spread the information after seeing the shoots Jayawijaya Mountains in the middle of a cruise in February 1623. January Carstensz last name used to refer to the summit.

Climbing lane

Generally, Carstensz Peak can be reached via the northern route, from Ilaga, the Peak District, and Sugapa Intan Jaya Regency. But this year, the south route located in Tsinga, Mimika District, has also been initiated.

If through Ilaga and Sugapa, climbers usually stay in the Valley Lakes, the last camp before heading to Carstensz Pyramid. The tent held down by the lake surrounded by steep cliffs rocks nan.

Seven Summit Expedition Team World leaving mining through PT Freeport Indonesia. Starting from Bali Dump, the team then crossed the black-white cliffs, called Zebra Wall.

Travel continues to place called Door Wind, a path filled with big rocks and cliffs are limited to the right-left so much like a large wind tunnel. Arrive at the end of the evening, the team stayed at this place.

The next day, the team rushed to Valley Lakes. Under normal circumstances, the trip from Bali to the Dump Valley Lakes is within 4-6 hours drive. However, because the team brought extra supplies so that must walk back and forth to transport goods, trips taken during 11 hours.

In addition to technical and physical abilities, the process of acclimation or adaptation to the temperature and air pressure at altitude is also needed in the achievement of Carstensz Peak. As an illustration, the core team of Expedition Seven new World Summit made the effort to climb to the summit on Tuesday (13 / 4), after a five-day stay in Jayawijaya Mountains region.

Each climber has a distinct ability to adapt to the altitude. There is a need a few days until he reached the count of weeks. If you are not familiar with the conditions at altitude, climbers will usually hit by drowsiness, nausea, and dizziness or common experience known as hypoxia, ie oxygen deficiency syndrome in the body tissues due to differences in altitude. In fatal cases, this syndrome can lead to death. "Usually the acclimatization done with mild or Doing Activities climbers can fall back to a certain height, if not familiar," says Gunawan.

Ascent do require preparation, both physical, supplies, and techniques. Miscalculated and could threaten the safety push myself and the team.

Inevitably, the metal plaque reads "In Memoriam Hartono Basuki Wibowo June 15 1958-22 April 1981" (Hartono Mapala UI Basuki is a member who dies in an accident around Carstensz Peak), which lay at the peak of Carstensz, has reminded climbers everywhere so that what regardless of the consequences, safety even though the soul is the primary must forget the dream to the top. (Source: http://cetak.kompas.com)

Saturday 8 May 2010

History of PMI Day


Dated May 8 is celebrated every year as the Day of the International Red Cross and Crescent International. This date was taken from the Henry Dunant's birthday. Beginning of the commemoration was established in London in 1938 through an international conference.

Henry Dunant was born May 8, 1828 in Geneva, Switzerland, and later became a successful businessman in Europe. In June 1859 he traveled to Italy to meet French emperor Napoleon III to discuss the difficulties faced by the businessmen in Algeria, then a French colony.

When stopped at a small town of Solferino on June 24, 1859, Dunant was directly witnessed the Battle of Solferino, which related to Austro war - Sardinian. In only one day of about 40,000 soldiers from the two sides were killed or wounded and abandoned.

Seeing the fact that Dunant cancel the original purpose and he decided for a few days to help wounded soldiers. He successfully motivate local residents to lend a hand regardless of which side of the wounded soldiers. 

Once back in Geneva, Dunant wrote a book A Memory of Solferino, published in 1862. In the book he explicitly describes the formation of a national volunteer organization to assist the treatment and care during wartime army. He also called for the establishment of international agreements which guarantee the neutrality and protection to people who were wounded in the war, against medical personnel and hospitals.

On February 9, 1863 Henry Dunant with four famous people from a prominent family in Geneva founded the Committee of the Five, an investigative commission to the Geneva Society for Public Welfare. Dunant thought aim to test feasibility and to organize an international conference to discuss the possibility of applying these ideas.

Eight days later the five members of the Committee of the Five change the name of the commission became the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded. During 26 to October 29, 1863 the committee successfully organized an international conference in Geneva. The conference aims to develop standards that can improve medical care on the battlefield. As many as 36 people attended, consisting of official representatives of 18 governments, six delegates of NGOs, representatives of seven other countries, and five committee members.

Of the many topics discussed, the conference ultimately produce: the establishment of basic institutions of national recovery for wounded soldiers; neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers; utilization of volunteers to help recovery in the field of battle; additional conference to endorse these concepts according to law international agreements; introduce distinctive protection symbol for medical personnel in the field of white cloth with a red cross in the middle.

In 1867 Henry Dunant business bankruptcy. Algeria business built on a total failure, caused more concentration Dunant who switched on tireless efforts to build international committee for the victims of war. Dunant threatened imprisonment. He was forced to leave Geneva and never returned to her hometown until the end of his life.

1901 Henry Dunant was awarded the Nobel Prize given for the first time in honor of the efforts done in developing a system of medical services for victims of war and build institutions of the Red Cross. 

Nine years after winning the Nobel Prize, Henry Dunant died in Heiden. Two months after that Dunant colleague who holds the presidency of the international committee Gustave Moynier also died.

 PMI-Indonesia 

The establishment of the Red Cross in Indonesia actually started before World War II, precisely October 12 1873.Pemerintah Dutch Colonial built in the Indonesian Red Cross with the name Roode crotch Afdeeling Nederlandsche Indie (NERKAI) which was disbanded during the Japanese occupation.

The struggle to establish the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) began in 1932. The event was spearheaded by Dr. and Dr. RCL Senduk Bahder Djohan with drafting the formation of PMI. The design of such widespread support, especially from among the intelligentsia of Indonesia, and submitted to the Assembly Narkei Conference in 1940, but was rejected outright. 

The design is kept waiting for the right. As relentless as the Japanese occupation, they again tried to establish the National Agency for the Red Cross, but again the effort was a hindrance from the Government of the Japanese Army so that for the second time the draft is re-stored. 

PMI formation process started 3 September 1945 when President Sukarno ordered that Dr Boentaran (Ministry of Health Cabinet I) to form a national Red Cross agencies. 

Assisted by a committee consisting of five persons as the Chairman of Mochtar R dr, dr Bahder Djohan as a writer and three members of the committee is Djoehana Wiradikarta dr, dr Marzuki, dr Sitanala, preparing for the establishment of the Indonesian Red Cross Society. Exactly a month after independence, 17 September 1945, PMI was formed. Historic occasion was until recently known as PMI Today. 

PMI's role is to assist the government in the social sphere of humanity, especially kepalangmerahan duties required under the provisions of the Geneva Conventions in 1949 which has been ratified by the Indonesian government in 1958 through Law No. 59. 

As a national association of legitimate, PMI stood by the Presidential Decree No. 25 year 1925 and confirmed its activity as the only national association that runs the organization's task kepalangmerahan through Presidential Decree No. 246 in 1963. 

Now, in a variety of PMI's commitment to humanitarian activities such as the 2010 Strategy is about improving the lives of vulnerable communities through promoting principles of humanitarian values, disaster response, disaster preparedness, health and care in the community, Hanoi Declaration contains the handling of the program on disaster management issues, disease prevention, teens and seniors, in partnership with governments, organizations and resource capacity management as well as public relations and promotions, as well as the Plan of Action is a decision of the Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent to-27 in Geneva Switzerland in 1999. At the conference the Government of Indonesia and the PMI as a participant states in the field of humanitarian pledges. 

International conferences seeking safety and medical care for soldiers on the battlefield continued. The Conference of the Red Cross to strengthen the organization's position to do so, is growing not only provide services on the battlefield, but also during natural disasters. Role of the Red Cross felt once in World War I and II. During the war thousands of human lives saved thanks to the swift motion and the hard work of these humanitarian organizations. 

In the midst of the world that are affected by various crises, the soul kerelawanan course very necessary to help alleviate the suffering of others. Movement of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Movement), a global campaign roll out simultaneously throughout the world. Now hundreds of countries around the world affiliated with the International Red Cross. 

This campaign calls and invites the public to conduct humanitarian actions under the slogan "Our World, Your Action" (Our World, Your Move). PMI has started a global campaign to introduce the children to the world kerelawanan. In the spirit of the global campaign, children children believed to be agents of change to peers and help make the world a better place. 

7 Basic Principles of the Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent International Humanitarian

Similarity

Neutrality

Autonomy

Volunteerism

Unity

Totality

 

Friday 7 May 2010

CELL PHONE VS HEALTH

Use of mobile phones in the world continues to escalate. According to the International Telecommunications Union, mobile phone users this year is expected to reach five billion. Humans increasingly difficult to escape from the grip of a cell phone in their activities.  

This fact triggered fears of a long-term effects caused by the use of mobile phone radiation on health. Allegations of mobile phone radiation effects on health is raised a lot of researchers from several countries. Extensive research conducted to mention, a disease that may be related to the use of mobile phones among other cancers, especially brain cancer, and diseases associated with nerve, eye tumors, to Alzheimer's. 

However, research about the impact of mobile phone use on health, especially increasing the incidence of cancer, are still pros and cons. Conclusions will be the impact of microwave radiation from mobile phones was considered petty because mobile phone technology in the future is still growing. 

Another study is the link between mobile phone usage and improvement in motor accident cases. The use of cell phones while driving may cause distraction resulting in ease of accident that claimed the soul. 

Their research was later supported by banning cell phone use on the highway. In Indonesia, the ban also was imposed despite the fact that without close supervision. 

But in terms of health, such as brain tumors, skin cancer, or diseases associated with nerve there is still no convergence is seen although the health effects of mobile phone usage that takes into account length of a person using a mobile phone. 

In the midst of efforts to solve the mystery of the impact of cell phone usage with long-term health, British researchers launched the world's largest research program in late April. Research that takes 20-30 years into the future it is believed could be more objective study to analyze the impact of using mobile phones on the health of users due to radiation. 

Studies about the safety of the world's largest mobile phone usage is going to recruit 250 000 mobile phone users in five countries in Europe. Users who have researched from the British, Finnish, Danish, Swedish, and Dutch. 

Prof Lawrie Challis, a member of the researcher, said this study is important. "We can not say with certainty that cell phones lead to cancer. Evidence that there has not been stronger, "says Challis. 

In a clash of ideas among scientists, from now needs to take steps to monitor the effect of mobile phones on health. The results will be assessed objectively because a large number of users are monitored and observed the long term. 

Mireille Toledano from Imperial College London explained, this study not only directed to brain cancer. Therefore, the use of mobile phones is highly diverse, including surfing the Internet site, which means the phone is not always in the head. 

That will be seen also is related to broader health problems, including other forms of cancer, such as skin cancer, and other brain diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. 

In regard to this research, which dimasalahkan is usually dependent on how many mobile phone usage. Mobile phone usage will be recorded detail.

Researchers also will monitor the WiFi, cordless phones and baby monitors use by the participants as well as with the use of technology to move, to get a complete picture of the exposure to all types of electromagnetic radiation. 

Several studies

A number of studies that took place among others on the effect of mobile phone use on brain tumors, conducted over four years by the University of Leeds, Nottingham, and University of Manchester and the Institute of Cancer Research, London. In 2006, British researchers said there was no link between mobile phone use and increased incidence of glioma brain tumors usually occur in the brain or spine. 

Andreas Stang from Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg in Germany and his colleagues did an experiment to test the relationship between mobile phone use and risk of uveal melanoma in 459 patients and 1194 controls. 

They are grouped according to the amount of usage time on the phone, never used, sporadic users, and regular user. There are no significant data between phone use until 10 years. "We observed no increase in the incidence of uveal melanoma among cell phone users or radio equipment in Germany, where a digital telephone technology was introduced early 1990s," he said. 

Other researchers found there were many young people who complained about pain in her thumb, neck and hands when typing a message short message service (SMS). The study was conducted Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. To cope, the cause needs to be seen how often the user uses the phone's small keypad. Also keep in mind your posture and do not type with one thumb. 

For those who liked to SMS for a long time, it is advisable not to sit with the same position for long. There should also stretch your fingers and using two thumbs. 

It has not found strong evidence of health effects of mobile phone users children and adults. Experts suggest that mobile phone use for children should be restricted. The children in the view of some researchers microwave radiation are particularly vulnerable because their nerves are still developing, while their skulls are still thin compared with adults. 

Mobile phone radiation is not transmitted X-ray radiation, but the microwave radiation. Some scientists worry that radiation can destroy brain cells because the phone is used close to the head. 

From the study by the Center for Education Studies Sheffield Hallam University, UK, found 90 percent of children under the age of 16 years has a personal cell phone and one of 10 spend more than 45 minutes of wear. SMS usage among children is also high. 

In uncertain situations is recommended every one seeks to minimize exposure to radiation from mobile phones. 

Mobile phone use much as possible not to make excessive dependence because it can trigger a moment of stress can also trigger cancer as well. Recommended the use of hands free time chatting to minimize radiation to the brain. (Source: http://cetak.kompas.com)

Thursday 6 May 2010

Steps to Stay Safe and Comfortable on Facebook

When the President of the United States has warned school children to pay attention to what they say and do on Facebook, you know that we have a problem ... and it was not the only issue in the United States. People around the world without a thought to share anything in the world's largest social network, did not examine anyone who reads their posts or what the effect is bad. For example, did you know that 30% of employers now use Facebook to get to know potential employees before hiring? In a tough economy right now, just be a question whether the proper party to post an embarrassing photo can drop your reputation (as well as you remember to tag your friends)

Unbeknownst to most users of Facebook, a social network actually offers privacy controls and security features that can help you secure yourself. If used correctly, you do not have to worry if your friends can receive bids from your boss or your mother. You can make friends with whoever you want, but still menapat comfort because you know that not everyone can see what you post.

Problems in the use of these privacy options are, sometimes too confusing for people who do not like technical things to apply it. And often times, people do not want to spend a little time to learn. The process is simple, we offer five easy steps that you can use to interact using Facebook a safer, more comfortable and more personal.

Step 1: Create Friends List

This will take some time, especially if you've connected to several hundred friends. However, this step despite the slow but fairly simple. And that would be most useful thing on Facebook.

Friends list, as the name suggests, is to classify a list of your friends. The nice thing about this feature is, once you've made, you do not need to make it for another time. We recommend that you place your professional colleagues and acquaintances to friends list as "colleagues," other friends into a list called "Acquaintances," and the family into a list called "Family. Three categories of groups of" friends "enables you hide some information.

To create a friends list, click on "Friends" at the top of the Facebook site. In the left column, click on "Friends" section below it again "list". Now you'll see a button at the top that says "Create New List". Click. In the pop-up window that appears, you write the name of your list and selecting members. If you ever share your application with your friends, to do this process very easy.

When you've finished creating your list, you will be able to determine who can see what (or vice versa!) Method as below:

Step 2: Who can view your profile

At the top right of Facebook, there is a menu that might be overlooked a lot of people: the "Settings (Settings)." This menu will now be your best friend. To get started, point your mouse to the Settings menu and click "Privacy Settings" from the list that appears. Next, click "Profile." This will bring us to a page where we can control who can view certain information on your profile.

Before making changes, think carefully about the things you want to share to the public or the things you want to keep the equipment in the private sphere. Well do if "everyone" can see a picture where you are in-tag? Or you want to restrict certain people you've selected in your friends list?

Under each section on this page (info, personal info, status, etc.), you can specify who can view certain information. For those who do not use your friends list (see step 1), the best thing to put here is "Friends Only.". There are more people who open your profile information that may know or not. For example, if we choose "Everyone" so that info can be accessed anybody, "Friends of Friends" is to allow friends of your friends to see it, "My Networks and Friends" to allow your info can be found within the scope of your network, then anyone else in the city You, your school, your university, your offices, your professional organizations, etc.

You can also block certain groups can view these sections. At the option "Edit Custom Settings", you can click the link to display a pop-up box to choose the people or block lists (see the feature "Except these people"). If you have not created a friends list as described in step 1 above, here you can also enter the names one by one (eg the boss is blocked).

Step 3: Who can view your Address and Phone Number

Is a list of addresses and phone numbers you have on Facebook? Although it was a nice feature, but maybe you do not want everyone in your friends list to know this information. To mengkses configuration page, follow the steps as in step 2 to enter into the Profile Privacy. Look at the page there are two tabs at the top, click "Contact Information"

As mentioned above, you can re-use the drop-down list to determine who is allowed to see and not of this information. This page sections include "IM Screen Name," "Mobile Phone," "Phone Music," "Address," "Internet Site," and your email. Step 4: Change Who Can Find You on Facebook via Search 

Step 4: Change anyone who can find you on Facebok Through Search

Get irritated or friend requests from people who had problems? While the fun on Facebook is that it allows you to reconnect with everyone you've known all your life, or find that annoying person who wants to get back in touch. You are no longer friends with these people for a reason. But if you do not approve friend requests, he would know right? Apparently, there was an arrangement that allows a friend on Facebook that you do not like can not find you through search.

Click on "Settings" menu on the homepage of Facebook and then click "Search" on the following pages. You will be taken to the Search Privacy page where you can determine who should find you on Facebook. Want to anybody? On the drop down menu "Search Visibility", select "Everyone." Want a bit more limited? Select the "My Networks and Friends," Friends of Friends, "or" My Networks and Friends of Friends ". Do not want people to find you on Facebook? Change to" Friends Only. "It means only people you have to be approve friend who can find you through Facebook Search.

On this page, you can also adjust the display of information at your info page is displayed as the result of a search. Can be either your photos, your friends list, etc.. You can freely decide on a network-based checkbox, what can be displayed or hidden. For example, if you do not want people from high school to find you, uncheck the box next to "people in high school network."

Step 5: Stop the Application Sharing Personal Info Unknown

Quiz-quiz application on Facebook knows a lot about you. You are unconsciously shared much personal information (and your friends info as well), especially if you use a lot of additional applications developed by Facebook developers. It's time you took control! On the front page of Facebook, mouse over "Settings" menu, and select "Privacy Settings" from the drop-down list. On the next page, click Applications and then click the Settings tab that reads on the tab "Overview"

On this page, you can check and uncheck the box next to your personal information (including images, educational history, walls, religious views, etc.). Your friends can only see that you allow. Even the friends of your friends can view your personal information if it does not make this change! Believe it or not, you do not have the same control over your own applications. We suggest you visit the page and remove applications you no longer use. (Use the "X" to remove it.) You see, once you authorize an app, you have allowed to access any information associated with your account. While some developers may only appeal to what is really necessary, many others might scrape all the information they can. Frightening, is not it?

Conclusion Although this is not a comprehensive guide to security and privacy on Facebook, these five steps can help you secure the self, more comfortable and more personal environment on social networks. 

However, if you choose not prevent, you're probably going to blame themselves when a wall posting embarrassing photos posted online and instantly displayed on the front page of your boss or your mother. Think before this actually happened to you.

Wednesday 5 May 2010

Privacy Guidelines on Facebook

Privacy is built from several basic idea: You must take control over what you share. Search of friends and businesses to connect must remain easy to do. Your privacy setting must be simple and easily understood.
On Facebook, there are three basic levels of privacy: Friends, Friends of the People, All People. You also have a set of public information, which helps you find your friends and connect with your: Name, Picture Profiles, Gender, and every connection you make. This includes friends, network, and the page that you select to be linked. Also, you can always control who can view your connection profile.

Facebook Privacy Policy
You can read our complete Privacy Policy here. How others see your. If you're curious how friends view your profile, or what information can be viewed by anyone. We offer suggestions for three levels of privacy settings on privacy: Friends, Friends of Friends, and All People.
We recommend that each person can see the information that will allow my friends to find, identify and learn about you. This includes basic information such as your About Me description and your Web site, as well as the default setting for posts that you make, such as photo albums and update status.
Remember, any information which can be viewed by the All People can be viewed by anyone on the Internet. That information will be seen by everyone who sees your profile, and websites and applications that you use the Facebook Platform will be able to access it. In addition, information may be visible in search engines or through an RSS feed.
Some more personal information, we recommend that Friends of Friends who can see that kind of info. This includes setting Birthday, Political Views and Religion, as well as Photos and Videos I, ie all the photos and videos where you marked. We recommend that your contact information, such as cellular phone numbers and email addresses, only be disclosed to a Friend.

Understanding your settings

Privacy Settings page is organized into the following sections:
Personal Information and additions include personal details such as date of birth and political trends, as well as your content and the content of other people who have been sent to your walls. You control who can view each type of information.
Contact information includes contact information details such as email address and telephone number. We recommend that you allow only friends can see it.
People, Signs, and Connections includes information and content that is shared between you and other people on Facebook. This includes relationships (shared between you and the person in a relationship with you), interests, and pictures of your mark. This setting allows you to control anyone who see this information on your actual profile. However, there is the possibility of this information appears in another place unless you remove yourself from your profile. For example, people will be able to see that you are linked to a page if he was in the page itself, and your relationships with others may appear on that person's profile.
Application and Web Site includes information on what is available for applications used by you and your friends.
Search allows you to control public search listing is made for you. You can also control who can view your information in the Facebook search.
Blocked list that allows you to identify precisely the people you want to prevent to interact with you on Facebook.
Protecting your privacy
We are committed to protecting children under the age of using Facebook. Until they reach the age of eighteen years, kids profile information will be limited only to the Friends of Friends and Networking.

Hold the control every time you share
You can choose privacy settings for each shipment made. You either upload an image or update the status, you control exactly who can see it when you make it. Every time you share something, look for the padlock icon. If clicked, the icons that bring the menu to choose who can view your submissions, from Friends, to the Friends of Friends, to All People.

Editing your settings
Privacy Page is designed to allow you to edit the settings. Any changes you make will be effective immediately. You can choose the level of privacy or choose to customize your privacy. For example, you may have the information you want to just see the family. You can do this easily, by making a list of Friends of Friends page and selecting "Change Settings " whenever you set your privacy. (Source: Facebook.com)

Tuesday 4 May 2010

The history of Labor Day (May 1-Mayday)

May Day was born from the various series of working class struggle to gain control of the political economy of industrial rights. The development of industrial capitalism in the early 19th century marks a drastic change in political economy, especially in the capitalist countries in Western Europe and the United States. intensive tightening discipline and working hours, minimum wages and poor working conditions at the factory level, gave birth to the resistance of the working class.
The first strike of the working class of the United States occurred in 1806 by workers Cordwainers. The strike was brought to the table the organisation court and also raised the fact that the working class in that era worked from 19 to 20 hours a day. Since then, the struggle to demand reduction hours of work into a shared agenda of the working class in the United States.
Two people were deemed to have contributed an idea to honor the workers, Peter McGuire and Matthew Maguire, a machine worker from Paterson, New Jersey. In 1872, McGuire and 100,000 workers strike to demand minus working hours. McGuire then went on to speak with the workers and the unemployed, lobbied city government to provide jobs and overtime pay. McGuire became famous as "bullies peace of the people."
In 1881, McGuire moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and began to organize carpenters. Finally established a unity consisting of a carpenter in Chicago, with McGuire as Secretary General of "United Brotherhood of Carpenters and joiners of America." Ideas for organizing workers according to their expertise and then spread to the entire country. McGuire and workers in other cities are planning a holiday for workers in every first Monday in September between Independence Day and Thanksgiving day.
On September 5, 1882, the first Labor Day parade was held in New York City with 20,000 participants carrying banners that read eight hours of work, eight hours rest, eight hours recreation. Maguire and McGuire played a key role in organizing this parade. In subsequent years, this idea spread, and all states celebrated it.
In 1887, Oregon became the first state to make it a public holiday. In 1894. Presider Grover Cleveland signed a law that made the first week of September the official national public holidays.
First International Congress was held in September 1866 in Geneva, Switzerland, attended by various elements of workers' organizations around the world. Congress establishes a demand to reduce working hours to eight hours a day, the previous (still in the same year) has been the National Labour Union in the U.S.: As these constraints represent the general demands of the United States working class, the changing demands of the congress was a common ground the working class worldwide.

One may set as the day the world working class struggle in Congress in 1886 by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions for, besides giving the moment demands eight hours a day, giving a new spirit of working class struggle that reached a massive in that era. Date of May 1 was chosen because in 1884 the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, inspired by the success of labor action in Canada in 1872, requires eight hours of work in the United States and enforced starting May 1, 1886.
Haymarket Events
Police opened fire on demonstrators, followed by resistance from the workers.
On May 1, 1886, approximately 400,000 workers in the United States held a huge demonstration to demand the reduction of their working hours to eight hours a day. This action lasted for four days from the date of 1 May.
On May 4, 1886. The Protesters conduct a massive rally, the American Police then opened fire on the demonstrators so that hundreds of people were killed and their leaders arrested and then sentenced to death, the workers who died is known as a martyr. Prior to May 1 event that, in various countries, also occurs labor strikes to demand more equitable treatment from the owners of capital.
World Socialist Congress
In July 1889, the World Socialist Congress held in Paris set the events in the U.S. on May 1st as a day laborer and the world passed a resolution containing:
A large international action should be organized on one particular day in which all countries and cities at the same time, at a mutually agreed day, all the workers demanded that the government legally reduce working hours to eight hours per day, and do all the result of Congress International Labour France.
This resolution received a warm reception from many countries and since the year 1890, dated May 1, termed the May Day, celebrated by the workers in various countries, despite pressure from their government. (Source: http://thealenia.multiply.com)

Monday 3 May 2010

Save Our Earth (Earth Day 2010)

Why do we have to maintain and pay attention to the continuity of life on earth? Whereas before we place a lot of poverty, ignorance and injustice. Again, why should we care? While many people including the government's half-hearted or indifferent to the destruction of this earth.
We are the caliph as well as a spokesman on earth. We owe the obligation to preserve the earth. We are nothing compared to the size of these heavenly spheres ball. There are many worlds where life never above it appears. There are many worlds that have been burned and reduced to rubble due to cosmic disaster. We are lucky and live on this earth owes.
If we are not trying in earnest for the sake of our survival, who else will do it. We must educate ourselves, others new. Of course, with learning, science and technology that can give us the tools that can be understood for survival on earth.
Although science advancing human welfare, but could be negatively impacted if it is not utilized properly. For example, the use of machines to replace human and animal power, will make things easier and faster completion. Man who was hanging with nature, became a power to alter nature, which ultimately tends to destroy nature.
Because spoiled by the engine, we are more wasteful energy use without updating. While diminishing energy resources. Hydro-carbon content is decreasing, the earth got hotter. While the hydro-carbon derived from fossil settles millions of years ago. The process takes a long time. We should not make wasteful energy coming from hydro carbon. Do not let loose of carbon into the air, like arson, as this will contaminate the air layer.
The heat of the earth, not necessarily caused by climate change alone. Economic factors could be other factors. The more the mushrooming of buildings, as well as vehicle, it automatically affects the increase in air temperature in the region. Air pollution is inevitable. Green open space in increasingly desperate.
Are we smart enough to slow the condition? From here the role of all of us, society, government, scientists, and together with other components, they detect the causes and impacts that would occur with the existence of phenomena that occur on Earth. We must dare to challenge the policies that can destroy the earth. This step is difficult, if we do not work together and are committed.
Earth Day was held to remind people to care about the environment and want to preserve the Earth. How to maintain the earth, not to far away, can be started from the nearest environment. Among others, by creating a clean and healthy environment, and using environmentally friendly energy sources. ak have to wait for someone else to do, but early on, we promptly do. We certainly have a central role to provide environmental education with the beginning of the family environment.
Earth Day (Earth Day) 22 April first announced John McConnel, a professor and environmental activist, on March 1, 1970, after a proposal regarding the fate of Earth awareness activities that were issued to local authorities of San Francisco approved by the local government.
McConnel proposal turned out to attract the attention of the United Nations (UN) as the proposal was eventually invited to rescue the earth world. UN Secretary General at the time, U Thant, proposing an annual commemoration day taken as the moment for all mankind the world to think again about the fate of the earth. The warning is accompanied by a variety of rescue activities which worsen the condition of the earth, which is conducted simultaneously throughout the world. The professor immediately offered March 21 as Earth Day.
McConnel arguments based on scientific fact, that to think about the fate of the earth on the first day there should be a natural process within the earth began. McConnel basing his analysis on the natural events of the history of mankind the world agreed. Proved on March 21 takes place noon (when the sun shines) and night (when the sun rises on the other side of the earth) has the same duration of 12 hours.
This date was also the first day of the commencement of spring, who is believed many cultures as the beginning of life. Idea March 21 which will be emphasized again the intention of straightening the historical facts about the nature of this latter fact again deflected. Not much different with the ancient calendar system shifted to January from March that, even then celebrated Earth Day every April 22. Now, Earth Day is celebrated by more than 500 million men worldwide, in 175 countries.